Perez-Reyes M
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599.
Life Sci. 1994;55(7):541-50. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00747-0.
To investigate the pharmacologic effects of the interaction between cocaine and ethanol, six male, paid volunteers familiar with the use of both ethanol and cocaine were tested in a dose-response, placebo-controlled, single-blind, randomly-assigned, cross-over design. Cocaine HCl (1.25 and 1.9 mg/kg) or placebo (lidocaine and mannitol) was given by nasal insufflation (snorting). Thirty minutes after cocaine snorting, ethanol (0.85 g/kg) or placebo was administered in divided doses over a thirty minute period. Cocaine and cocaethylene plasma concentrations, blood ethanol levels, subjective ratings of drug effects, heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Statistical analysis of the effects of cocaine snorting before ethanol ingestion indicate that: 1) cocaine did not alter the blood ethanol levels or the ratings of ethanol intoxication; 2) cocaethylene was formed and appeared in plasma more slowly and in concentrations lower than those of its parent compound; 3) the appearance of cocaethylene in plasma did not alter the decline of cocaine's subjective and heart rate effects; and 4) cocaine plasma concentrations were not increased and no augmentation of the subjective and heart rate effects of cocaine occurred. This latter finding, is in sharp contrast to the significant increase in cocaine plasma concentration and augmentation of cocaine's subjective and heart rate effects produced when ethanol is ingested prior to cocaine snorting.
为研究可卡因与乙醇相互作用的药理效应，对6名熟悉乙醇和可卡因使用的男性有偿志愿者进行了剂量反应、安慰剂对照、单盲、随机分配的交叉设计试验。通过鼻腔吸入给予盐酸可卡因（1.25和1.9毫克/千克）或安慰剂（利多卡因和甘露醇）。在吸入可卡因30分钟后，在30分钟内分剂量给予乙醇（0.85克/千克）或安慰剂。测量了可卡因和可口卡因的血浆浓度、血液乙醇水平、药物效应的主观评分、心率和血压。对摄入乙醇前吸入可卡因的效应进行的统计分析表明：1）可卡因未改变血液乙醇水平或乙醇中毒评分；2）可口卡因形成并出现在血浆中的速度更慢，浓度低于其母体化合物；3）血浆中可口卡因的出现未改变可卡因主观效应和心率效应的下降；4）可卡因血浆浓度未增加，可卡因的主观效应和心率效应也未增强。后一项发现与在吸入可卡因前摄入乙醇时可卡因血浆浓度显著增加以及可卡因主观效应和心率效应增强形成鲜明对比。
