Kresno S, Harrison G G, Sutrisna B, Reingold A
Center for Child Survival, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java.
Med Anthropol. 1994 May;15(4):425-34. doi: 10.1080/01459740.1994.9966103.
A rapid, focused ethnographic study was carried out in a rural area of West Java, Indonesia to identify local beliefs, perceptions, and practices surrounding acute respiratory infections (ARI) in infants and young children. The study incorporates key informant interviews, open-ended interviews, and structured data collection from fifty mothers of young children selected to represent the geographical settlement pattern in the area: structured interviews with biomedical and indigenous health care providers; and structured interviews with fifty mothers who sought health care for an infant or young child with a respiratory illness. The most commonly perceived cause for ARI in children was air entering the body through some type of chill, exposure to draft or breeze, or change of weather. When fever or difficult breathing was present, mothers tended to increase the number and diversity the types of medicines used. Mothers recognized difficult as well as rapid breathing, both being described as "difficult breathing." More concern was expressed about fever than about difficulty in breathing. Effective medical care was more likely to be delayed for infants than for older children; infants were also more likely to be taken to an indigenous healer as the first-choice provider. Infants were less likely to receive an effective drug regimen even if appropriate medication was prescribed, because mothers commonly take the drugs in order to deliver them to the infant through breast milk.
在印度尼西亚西爪哇的一个农村地区开展了一项快速、有针对性的人种学研究，以确定围绕婴幼儿急性呼吸道感染（ARI）的当地信仰、认知和做法。该研究包括关键信息人访谈、开放式访谈，以及从五十位幼儿母亲那里进行的结构化数据收集，这些母亲被选中以代表该地区的地理居住模式：对生物医学和本土医疗服务提供者进行结构化访谈；对五十位为患有呼吸道疾病的婴幼儿寻求医疗服务的母亲进行结构化访谈。儿童ARI最常被认为的病因是空气通过某种寒冷、暴露于穿堂风或微风，或天气变化进入身体。当出现发烧或呼吸困难时，母亲们往往会增加用药的数量和种类。母亲们认识到呼吸困难以及呼吸急促，两者都被描述为“呼吸困难”。对发烧的担忧比对呼吸困难的担忧更多。与大龄儿童相比，婴儿更有可能延迟获得有效的医疗护理；婴儿也更有可能首先被带到本土治疗师那里。即使开了适当的药物，婴儿也不太可能接受有效的药物治疗方案，因为母亲们通常会服药以便通过母乳将药物传递给婴儿。
