Ogra P L
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0351.
Public Health Rev. 1993;21(1-2):143-50.
The development of serum and nasopharyngeal antibody response, and the magnitude and temporal pattern of fecal shedding of vaccine and revertant polioviruses was examined in infants previously immunized with one or more doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (EIPV), or both. The fecal samples were collected at different intervals after the last OPV dose. The nucleic acid sequences of the purified RNA obtained from all virus isolates were examined in the 5' noncoding region by dideoxysequencing to determine whether the viruses shed represent revertants (vaccine), nonrevertants, or both. The frequency and duration of vaccine virus-shedding appeared to be similar in both immunization schedules. Revertant virus shedding was not demonstrated 30 days after immunization with OPV alone. However, shedding of revertants was detected for as long as 60 days in some subjects previously immunized with EIPV. The duration of shedding of revertant virus differed with different serotypes and different immunization regimens. Prior immunization with one or more doses of OPV reduced the length of shedding of revertant virus. Significantly, however, prior immunization with one or more doses of EIPV was not associated with reduced shedding of revertant virus types. The nature of serum immune response as determined by ELISA or neutralizing antibody appeared to be similar after either immunization schedule, although the antibody titers were quantitatively higher after two doses of IPV than observed after a similar schedule with OPV. Highest antibody activity was detected in subjects immunized with a combination of IPV followed by OPV. ELISA antibody activity in the nasopharynx was regularly detected after either form of immunization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
对先前接种过一剂或多剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）、高效灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（EIPV）或两者的婴儿，检测了血清和鼻咽部抗体反应的发展，以及疫苗株和回复突变脊髓灰质炎病毒粪便排毒的程度和时间模式。在最后一剂OPV后不同时间间隔采集粪便样本。通过双脱氧测序检查从所有病毒分离株获得的纯化RNA在5'非编码区的核酸序列，以确定排出的病毒是回复突变株（疫苗株）、非回复突变株还是两者皆有。两种免疫程序中疫苗病毒排毒的频率和持续时间似乎相似。单独接种OPV后30天未出现回复突变病毒排毒。然而，在一些先前接种EIPV的受试者中，回复突变株排毒长达60天。回复突变病毒的排毒持续时间因血清型和免疫方案不同而有所差异。先前接种一剂或多剂OPV可缩短回复突变病毒的排毒时间。然而，值得注意的是，先前接种一剂或多剂EIPV与回复突变病毒株的排毒减少无关。尽管两剂IPV后的抗体滴度在定量上高于类似OPV程序后的观察值，但ELISA或中和抗体所确定的血清免疫反应性质在两种免疫程序后似乎相似。接种IPV后再接种OPV的受试者中检测到最高的抗体活性。两种免疫形式后均定期检测到鼻咽部的ELISA抗体活性。（摘要截断于250字）
