Influence of compression stockings on lower-limb venous haemodynamics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Lower-limb venous haemodynamics were studied prospectively in 40 patients (24 women, 16 men of median age 52 years) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomized to wear compression stockings during surgery or no stockings. All received subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis. Venous capacitance and outflow were measured non-invasively before, during and after pneumoperitoneum. In the group without compression stockings (20 patients) venous capacitance and outflow decreased during pneumoperitoneum in most patients. In the group wearing stockings (20 patients) the changes were less pronounced or abolished. There was a significant difference between the groups in venous capacitance and outflow ratios at mid-operation: median (interquartile range) 0.89 (0.56-1.16) and 0.89 (0.56-1.15) respectively in the group without stockings versus 1.48 (1.09-2.19) and 1.71 (1.20-2.19) respectively in that with stockings (P < 0.001). Pneumoperitoneum creates a significant resistance to venous return. Compression stockings counteract the changes observed.