Gaydos J C, Luz G A
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799.
Disasters. 1994 Mar;18(1):48-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00284.x.
Military forces of the United States and other countries possess training, equipment and capabilities that are suited for work in disaster preparedness and assistance. Information on the use of military units in domestic and foreign disaster-related efforts, particularly by United States forces in the medical area, was obtained by review of the literature and unpublished military reports, and from interviews with people who have been involved with disaster-related activities. The historical reasons for viewing United States forces as resources in disaster situations are identified. Additionally, issues and problems related to disaster preparedness and assistance in general, and more specifically, to the past and future use of military personnel for this mission are examined. The need for a defined military mission for emergency humanitarian assistance and the need for a military organizational structure to support this mission are identified. Once these two critical issues have been properly addressed, the United States military should participate in the establishment of a disaster institute for joint civilian-military disaster planning and training, in both domestic and foreign areas.
美国和其他国家的军事力量拥有适合备灾和救灾工作的训练、装备及能力。通过查阅文献和未发表的军事报告，以及采访参与过灾害相关活动的人员，获取了有关国内外军事单位在与灾害相关行动中使用情况的信息，特别是美军在医疗领域的相关信息。文中指出了将美军视为灾害应对资源的历史原因。此外，还探讨了与备灾和救灾总体相关的问题，以及更具体地说，过去和未来将军事人员用于此任务的问题。明确了紧急人道主义援助所需的军事任务，以及支持该任务所需的军事组织结构。一旦妥善解决这两个关键问题，美军应参与建立一个灾害机构，用于国内外军民联合灾害规划与培训。
