Shukla Y, Antony M, Gupta K P, Mehrotra N K
Laboratory of Environmental Carcinogenesis, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1994 Jul;32(7):651-4. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(94)90009-4.
Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxy-1,3-indanedione; CAS No. 485-47-2) is widely used as a reagent for the detection of free amino and carboxyl groups in proteins and peptides. It is an irritant to mammalian skin. Various toxic effects of ninhydrin have been reported in laboratory animals; however, so far there has been no evaluation of its carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic potential in laboratory animals by long-term in vivo bioassay. Ninhydrin was found to induce the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in mouse skin but it failed to alter the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase when compared with animals treated with standard tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In the present investigations, the tumour-promoting activity of ninhydrin (including both stage I and stage II of tumour promotion) was tested on Swiss albino mice in a multistage mouse skin model of carcinogenesis. The animals were initiated with a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz-anthracene followed by four topical applications of ninhydrin biweekly as stage I promoter for 2 wk. Stage II promotion was twice weekly through topical application of mezerein. The results revealed that ninhydrin is a strong stage I tumour promoter and its efficacy was comparable with that of TPA at the dose level used in the experiment. However, ninhydrin failed to produce tumours when tested as a stage II or complete tumour promoter on mouse skin.
茚三酮（2,2 - 二羟基 - 1,3 - 茚满二酮；化学物质登记号：485 - 47 - 2）被广泛用作检测蛋白质和肽中游离氨基和羧基的试剂。它对哺乳动物皮肤有刺激性。实验室动物中已报道了茚三酮的各种毒性作用；然而，到目前为止，尚未通过长期体内生物测定评估其在实验室动物中的致癌和促癌潜力。茚三酮被发现可诱导小鼠皮肤中γ - 谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）的活性，但与用标准肿瘤启动剂12 - O - 十四烷酰佛波醇 - 13 - 乙酸酯（TPA）处理的动物相比，它未能改变鸟氨酸脱羧酶的活性。在本研究中，在多阶段小鼠皮肤致癌模型中，对瑞士白化小鼠测试了茚三酮的肿瘤促进活性（包括肿瘤促进的I期和II期）。动物单次局部应用7,12 - 二甲基苯并蒽进行启动，随后每两周局部应用茚三酮作为I期启动剂，共2周，进行4次。II期促进通过每周两次局部应用芫花萜进行。结果显示，茚三酮是一种强效的I期肿瘤启动剂，在实验所用剂量水平下，其效果与TPA相当。然而，当作为II期或完全肿瘤启动剂在小鼠皮肤上进行测试时，茚三酮未能产生肿瘤。
