Okine E K, Khorasani G R, Kennelly J J
Department of Animal Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
J Dairy Sci. 1994 May;77(5):1315-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77071-5.
Four early lactation Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment to determine the effects of whole crop barley, oat, and triticale silages substituted for alfalfa silage in the forage portion of diets on chewing behavior and the relationships between attributes of reticular contractions and voluntary intake and digesta passage from the reticulorumen. Mean ad libitum DMI was 18.3 kg/d and was affected by diet. Duodenal flows of DM, NDF, and OM were not affected by diet. The frequency and duration of reticular contractions during eating, rumination, and resting were not influenced by diet. Amplitude of reticular contractions during eating was lower for cows fed alfalfa than for those fed barley silage. The NDF of alfalfa was transferred less efficiently than that of cereal silages at the duodenum. Cows fed alfalfa and barley silage diets transferred less NDF per unit of duration than cows fed oat and triticale silage diets. However, an equal amount of NDF was transferred per unit of amplitude of contraction, regardless of diet. Changes in DMI and digesta passage could be explained only partially by changes in chewing activity and attributes of reticular contractions required to transfer each unit of digesta from the reticulorumen.
选用4头装有瘤胃和十二指肠瘘管的早期泌乳荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计试验,以确定在日粮的饲草部分用全株大麦、燕麦和小黑麦青贮料替代苜蓿青贮料对咀嚼行为的影响,以及网胃收缩特性与自愿采食量和瘤网胃食糜通过量之间的关系。平均随意采食量为18.3千克/天,且受日粮影响。日粮对十二指肠中干物质、中性洗涤纤维和有机物的流量没有影响。采食、反刍和休息期间网胃收缩的频率和持续时间不受日粮影响。采食期间,饲喂苜蓿的奶牛网胃收缩幅度低于饲喂大麦青贮料的奶牛。苜蓿的中性洗涤纤维在十二指肠处的转运效率低于谷物青贮料。与饲喂燕麦和小黑麦青贮料日粮的奶牛相比,饲喂苜蓿和大麦青贮料日粮的奶牛每单位持续时间转运的中性洗涤纤维较少。然而,无论日粮如何,每单位收缩幅度转运的中性洗涤纤维量相等。采食量和食糜通过量的变化只能部分地通过咀嚼活动的变化以及将每单位食糜从瘤网胃转运所需的网胃收缩特性的变化来解释。