Steinhardt M, Thielscher H H, Ladewig J, Hoppe T, Schlichting M C, Smidt D
Institut für Tierzucht und Tierverhalten (FAL) Mariensee/Trenthorst.
Tierarztl Prax. 1994 Jun;22(3):221-9.
The heart rate measured continuously in grazing cows over 24 hours is significantly different during specific behavioural patterns of an animal and is influenced by the stage of pregnancy of the cow. Repeated measurements of blood urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin and glucose concentration in these animals permit conclusions about the changes of body weight and of the liver function and hormonal integration of energy substrate supply. Living on pasture during the summer period the cows showed the lowest hemoglobin content and hematocrit level of the blood, which increased when the animals were housed in autumn or when near the end of their final trimester of pregnancy. Important differences, especially in the blood values, were found between the groups and within the groups between younger and older cows.
对放牧奶牛连续24小时测量的心率，在动物特定行为模式期间存在显著差异，且受奶牛怀孕阶段的影响。对这些动物的血尿素、肌酐、总蛋白、白蛋白和葡萄糖浓度进行重复测量，有助于得出体重变化、肝功能以及能量底物供应的激素整合情况的结论。夏季生活在牧场的奶牛，血液中的血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容水平最低，当动物在秋季圈养或临近怀孕最后三个月结束时，这些指标会升高。在不同组之间以及年轻和年长奶牛的组内，发现了重要差异，尤其是血液值方面的差异。
