Kohyama J, Shimohira M, Iwakawa Y
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
Brain Dev. 1994 Mar-Apr;16(2):81-91. doi: 10.1016/0387-7604(94)90040-x.
For the generation of phasic muscle activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, strong motor excitation to overcome both tonic and phasic inhibition is needed at the motoneuron level. Descending pathways originating in the rostral pons (cholinoceptive (nucleus reticularis pontis oralis-->nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, peri-locus coeruleus pars alpha-->nucleus reticularis magnocellularis) and cholinergic (pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-->nucleus reticularis paramedianus) pathways) are involved in motor inhibition during REM sleep. Since the origins of excitatory drives related to phasic muscle activity during REM sleep are also in the brainstem, the occurrence of phasic muscle activity can be said to be determined by brainstem activity. We review the basic and clinical studies on phasic muscle activity during REM sleep and propose the possibility that it can be a beneficial parameter for assessing brainstem activity, especially in relation to its maturation during early stage of life.
在快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间产生阶段性肌肉活动时，在运动神经元水平需要强烈的运动兴奋来克服紧张性和阶段性抑制。起源于脑桥嘴侧的下行通路（胆碱能感受性通路（脑桥嘴侧网状核→巨细胞网状核、蓝斑周α部→大细胞网状核）和胆碱能通路（脚桥被盖核→旁正中网状核））参与REM睡眠期间的运动抑制。由于与REM睡眠期间阶段性肌肉活动相关的兴奋性驱动起源也在脑干，因此可以说阶段性肌肉活动的发生由脑干活动决定。我们综述了关于REM睡眠期间阶段性肌肉活动的基础和临床研究，并提出其有可能成为评估脑干活动的有益参数，尤其是在生命早期阶段脑干成熟方面。
