Bernal B, Ardila A, Bateman J R
Centro Neurológico de Bogotá, Colombia.
Int J Neurosci. 1994 Apr;75(3-4):203-12. doi: 10.3109/00207459408986304.
A basic neuropsychological test battery was given to 64 adolescents (57 males and seven females; mean age = 15.5) divided in two groups: (1) drug-abusers ("experimental group," n = 26), and (2) non drug-abusers ("control group," n = 38). Psychoactive substances included marijuana, "crack," solvent inhalation, gasoline sniffing, and alcohol. The following tests were used: (1) language, (2) perceptual recognition, (3) memory, and (4) praxic abilities. In general, performance was mildly (but nonsignificantly) lower in the experimental than in the control group. Only some neuropsychological test scores correlated with lifetime and amount of psychoactive drugs used. It was proposed that cognitive impairments in this sample of young drug-abusers may have been not evident because: (1) lifetime use was limited, due to the age of the subjects; and (2) in adolescents and pre-adolescents, toxic effects of drug-abuse might be manifested as a decrease in the rate of cognitive development rather than as a general cognitive decline.
对64名青少年（57名男性和7名女性；平均年龄 = 15.5岁）进行了一套基本的神经心理学测试，这些青少年被分为两组：（1）药物滥用者（“实验组”，n = 26），和（2）非药物滥用者（“对照组”，n = 38）。精神活性物质包括大麻、“快克”、吸入溶剂、嗅汽油和酒精。使用了以下测试：（1）语言，（2）知觉识别，（3）记忆，和（4）实践能力。总体而言，实验组的表现略低于对照组（但无显著差异）。只有一些神经心理学测试分数与使用过的精神活性药物的使用期限和用量相关。有人提出，在这个年轻药物滥用者样本中认知障碍可能不明显的原因是：（1）由于受试者的年龄，终身使用量有限；（2）在青少年和青春期前儿童中，药物滥用的毒性作用可能表现为认知发展速度的下降，而不是一般的认知衰退。
