Dubail D, Nyaruhirira I, Bosschaerts T, Locufier J L, Barthel J, Barroy J P
Surgery Department, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
Acta Chir Belg. 1994 Jul-Aug;94(4):215-21.
Primary mediastinal tumours (PMT) are rare, they include many different histological types, but lymphomas, thymomas and neurological tumours make up most of these tumours. Their symptomatology is often poor and they are in many cases discovered by routine thoracic radiography. Diagnosis mainly relies on medical imagery and on biopsy by mediastinoscopy or by CT-Scan controlled needle puncture. The treatment depends on the histological type (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery). Median sternotomy is preferred to tackle anterior and middle mediastinum PMT, since it offers a large operative field and is more comfortable for the patient than classic thoracotomy, which will be reserved to tackle posterior mediastinum PMT.
原发性纵隔肿瘤（PMT）较为罕见，包括多种不同的组织学类型，但淋巴瘤、胸腺瘤和神经肿瘤占这些肿瘤的大部分。它们的症状通常不明显，很多情况下是通过常规胸部X线检查发现的。诊断主要依靠医学影像以及纵隔镜检查或CT引导下穿刺活检。治疗取决于组织学类型（放疗、化疗、手术）。对于前纵隔和中纵隔的PMT，首选正中胸骨切开术，因为它提供了较大的手术视野，且对患者来说比传统开胸手术更舒适，传统开胸手术则用于处理后纵隔的PMT。
