Frantík E, Hornychová M, Horváth M
Centre of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechoslovakia.
Environ Res. 1994 Aug;66(2):173-85. doi: 10.1006/enrs.1994.1053.
Effect-air concentration regressions of 48 common solvents (aromatic, aliphatic, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, acetates) were determined for 4-hr inhalation exposures in male rats and for 2-hr exposures in female mice. Inhibition of propagation and maintenance of the electrically evoked seizure discharge was used as a criterion of the acute neurotropic effect. The isoeffective concentrations in air were estimated by interpolation on the level of one-third of the maximum effect (ECC). ECC estimates ranged from 90 to 24,000 ppm and were several times lower than concentrations evoking behavioral inhibition and by one to two orders lower than concentrations inducing narcosis. Correlations between corresponding values in both species were high (r > 0.9), indicating a relative independence of the estimates from experimental conditions. The relative potency estimates had only negligible correlation with octanol:water distribution coefficients or other physicochemical predictors for the whole sample of solvents, but moderate to high correlation (r = 0.5 to 0.9) in homogenous groups of nonpolar solvents, permitting cautious predictions. When applied to known effective concentrations of some solvents on human performance and subjective state, the comparative potency procedure suggests that ceiling and STEL values of some solvents may not reliably protect workers from acute nervous depression.
测定了48种常见溶剂（芳香烃、脂肪烃、氯代烃、醇类、酮类、醋酸酯类）在雄性大鼠4小时吸入暴露和雌性小鼠2小时暴露情况下的效应-空气浓度回归关系。以抑制电诱发癫痫放电的传播和维持作为急性神经毒性效应的标准。通过在最大效应的三分之一水平上进行内插来估计空气中的等效有效浓度（ECC）。ECC估计值范围为90至24,000 ppm，比引起行为抑制的浓度低几倍，比诱导麻醉的浓度低一至两个数量级。两种物种相应值之间的相关性很高（r > 0.9），表明估计值相对独立于实验条件。相对效力估计值与整个溶剂样本的辛醇-水分配系数或其他物理化学预测指标的相关性仅可忽略不计，但在非极性溶剂的同类组中具有中度至高相关性（r = 0.5至0.9），从而可以进行谨慎的预测。当将比较效力程序应用于某些溶剂对人体性能和主观状态的已知有效浓度时，结果表明某些溶剂的上限值和短时间接触限值可能无法可靠地保护工人免受急性神经抑制。
