Pirsig W, Pentz S
Section of Rhinology and Rhonchopathies, Ulm University, Germany.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1994 Apr;29(2):81-91. doi: 10.1016/0165-5876(94)90087-6.
In 13 paintings and drawings, dating from the preclassic period in ancient Greece to the present day, representations of children with nosebleed could be detected in museums, churches, galleries and art-books. Children and adolescents were bleeding from their noses because of mechanical injury, infectious diseases, or hemorrhagic diathesis. Some artists depicted nosebleeding in a very realistic manner, others represented this symptom in a more abstract or caricaturistic way. Nosebleed stood as a symbol for human failure, as a sign of the loser, the suffering and tortured child, and as a sign of death.
在13幅绘画作品中,时间跨度从古希腊前古典时期直至现代,博物馆、教堂、画廊及艺术书籍中都能发现流鼻血儿童的形象。儿童和青少年流鼻血的原因有机械损伤、传染病或出血素质。一些艺术家以非常写实的方式描绘流鼻血,另一些则以更抽象或漫画化的方式呈现这一症状。流鼻血象征着人类的失败,是失败者、受苦受难儿童的标志,也是死亡的象征。