Chang E S, Stokstad E L
Poult Sci. 1975 Jan;54(1):3-10. doi: 10.3382/ps.0540003.
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were fed different levels of pesticide in their diets for 15 weeks. The levels of pesticide used were 25, 50, 100, 200 p.p.m. DDE 25, 50, 100, 200 p.p.m. DDT and 50 p.p.m. PCB. Carbonic anhydrase activities were analyzed in the shell glands and blood; pesticide concentration in the eggs of the first experiment was measured; egg weight, shell weight and shell thickness were also measured. No depression in growth was observed at any levels of pesticides used. Quail fed 200 p.p.m. DDE showed a high mortality rate after 10--12 weeks on the diet, while other levels produced no increase in death rate. Lower levels of DDT and DDE (25 and 50 p.p.m.) had no significant effect on egg shell weight or thickness. Higher levels (100 and 200 p.p.m) of DDT and DDE produced a small increase in shell weight and a 5 per cent decrease in shell thickness and were associated with increased shell breakage. At levels of 25 p.p.m. and 50 p.p.m. DDE, the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the shell gland was significantly increased. At levels of 200 p.p.m. DDE and 100 p.p.m. DDT in the diet, the activity of carbonic anhydrase was decreased by 12--15 per cent. A 50 per cent reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity in the shell gland seemed to be necessary for an increased production of soft shelled eggs when it was induces by sulfanilamide. Pesticide residues in the eggs of Japanes quail up to about 300 p.p.m. DDE and 150 p.p.m. DDT were not associated with any change in egg shell thickness. At about 600 p.p.m. DDE and 500 p.p.m. DDT in the eggs, corresponding to 100 and 200 p.p.m. in the diet, the egg shell thickness was reduced by 5 per cent. PCB at 50 p.p.m. produced a small decrease (4.5 per cent) in shell thickness and an increase in the percentage of cracked eggs.
在日本鹌鹑（Coturnix japonica）的日粮中添加不同水平的农药，持续喂养15周。所使用的农药水平分别为25、50、100、200 ppm的滴滴伊（DDE）、25、50、100、200 ppm的滴滴涕（DDT）以及50 ppm的多氯联苯（PCB）。分析了蛋壳腺和血液中的碳酸酐酶活性；测定了第一个实验中鸡蛋的农药浓度；还测量了蛋重、蛋壳重量和蛋壳厚度。在所使用的任何农药水平下均未观察到生长受抑制的情况。喂食200 ppm滴滴伊的鹌鹑在日粮喂养10 - 12周后死亡率较高，而其他水平未导致死亡率增加。较低水平的滴滴涕和滴滴伊（25和50 ppm）对蛋壳重量或厚度没有显著影响。较高水平（100和200 ppm）的滴滴涕和滴滴伊使蛋壳重量略有增加，蛋壳厚度降低5%，并伴有蛋壳破损率增加。在25 ppm和50 ppm滴滴伊水平下，蛋壳腺中碳酸酐酶的活性显著增加。在日粮中滴滴伊水平为200 ppm和滴滴涕水平为100 ppm时，碳酸酐酶的活性降低了12 - 15%。当磺胺诱导蛋壳腺中碳酸酐酶活性降低50%时，似乎是软壳蛋产量增加所必需的。日本鹌鹑蛋中农药残留量高达约300 ppm的滴滴伊和150 ppm的滴滴涕时，与蛋壳厚度的任何变化均无关联。当蛋中滴滴伊约为600 ppm和滴滴涕约为500 ppm时，相当于日粮中100和200 ppm，蛋壳厚度降低了5%。50 ppm的多氯联苯使蛋壳厚度略有降低（4.5%），并使破蛋百分比增加。
