Masked detection thresholds and temporal integration for noise band signals.

Masked detection thresholds were measured at a center frequency of 2500 Hz for a range of noise signal bandwidths (W = 62 to 6000 Hz) and durations (T = 10 to 480 ms) approximating that found acoustically in speech. The signals were presented in an uncorrelated 480-ms, 6000-Hz-wide masker. The masker was presented: (1) at a constant spectrum level (53 dB SPL/Hz) or (2) with the overall level varied randomly over a 50-dB range from interval to interval of a trial. Performance was disrupted in the random-level masker only for the condition where the signal and uncorrelated masker were gated on and off simultaneously and were matched spectrally. Time constants (tau) estimated from temporal integration functions fit to the masked detection threshold data were related inversely to W for W broader than the critical bandwidth. Sensitivity to the noise signals was evaluated in the context of an optimum-detection model (Green, 1960). The results did not follow the prediction of a constant bandwidth-duration (WT) product, but may be understood in terms of cues available to the listener from the relative combination of signal and masker parameters. At least three cues for detection were identified in these experiments: (1) a relative timing cue, (2) a spectral shape cue, and (3) a traditional energy cue compared across observation intervals. The relative timing cue and spectral shape cue together contributed as much as a 10- to 12-dB advantage relative to detection based on the traditional energy cue alone. A new multi-cue detection model for predicting the masked detection thresholds was derived. Predictions from the new model were highly correlated (r = 0.95) with the empirically measured masked detection thresholds.