Palmquist D L
Department of Dairy Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster 44691.
J Nutr. 1994 Aug;124(8 Suppl):1377S-1382S. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1377S.
Fat increases energetic efficiency in lactating cows by increasing total energy intake, by generating ATP more efficiently (ATP/unit energy expended) than volatile fatty acids or protein, by direct incorporation into product, and by promoting nutrient partition toward milk production. Factors that limit utilization of large amounts of fat by ruminants include inhibitory effects on ruminal fermentation, lower intestinal absorption at high intake, low contribution to total oxidation of nutrients, and sensitivity to nutrient imbalance, causing reduced energy intake. Research has resolved many problems associated with effects on ruminal fermentation; research in the future may improve fat digestibility and reduce limits of oxidation. Effect of high fat on regulation of feed intake has received little attention.
脂肪通过增加总能量摄入量、比挥发性脂肪酸或蛋白质更有效地产生ATP（每单位消耗能量产生的ATP）、直接掺入产品以及促进营养物质向产奶方向分配，来提高泌乳奶牛的能量利用效率。限制反刍动物大量利用脂肪的因素包括对瘤胃发酵的抑制作用、高摄入量时较低的肠道吸收率、对营养物质总氧化的贡献较低以及对营养失衡的敏感性，从而导致能量摄入量减少。关于对瘤胃发酵影响的研究已经解决了许多相关问题；未来的研究可能会提高脂肪消化率并减少氧化限制。高脂肪对采食量调节的影响很少受到关注。
