Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons in the retina of two Australian lizards.

Wholemounts and sectioned retina from adults of two lizard species, Pogona vitticeps and Varanus gouldii, were studied by immunohistochemistry for neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity. In both species the morphology of two classes of amacrine cells (types A and B) were described. Cell somata were located mostly in the inner nuclear layer (INL) but were occasionally displaced into the ganglion cell layer (GCL). In the Pogona retina, type A cells had large somata and dendritic arbor that branched in sublamina (S) 1 and 2/3 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Type B amacrine cells had smaller somata and dendritic arbor branching mostly in S5 of the IPL. In the Varanus retina, the levels of dendritic branching of types A and B amacrine cells in the IPL were similar to those in Pogona although branching in the middle of the IPL occurred at S3. NPY-immunoreactive cells with small somata and narrow to medium sized dendritic fields were predominant. Unclassified cells also displayed NPY-like immunoreactivity; however, their dendritic morphology could not be determined due to the faint and inconsistent staining. In transverse retinal sections three bands of NPY-like immunoreactivity were evident in the IPL of both species, to which the unclassified cells also contributed. In both species type A cells were most numerous. Total NPY-immunoreactive cells were estimated to be 8,600 in Pogona and 32,860 in Varanus. In both species types A and B cells were non-uniformly distributed across the retina. The most apparent non-uniformity in distribution was observed in type A cells in Varanus. Peak cell density was found across the horizontal meridian of the retina from where cell density decreased towards the dorsal and ventral retinal margins. The results of this study provide evidence for the presence of NPY-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the lizard retina of which two types were morphologically characterized. Cross-species comparisons were also made among NPY-immunoreactive amacrine cells, and their possible function/s discussed.