Shapiro D H, Potkin S G, Jin Y, Brown B, Carreon D, Wu J
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine Medical Center, California College of Medicine.
Int J Psychosom. 1993;40(1-4):35-46.
The psychological construct of control is increasingly thought to be an important variable in psychosomatic medicine, but there are limitations with how it has been measured by previous instruments. The current study details four limitations of previous instruments as a rationale for developing a new multi-faceted, multi-dimensional instrument to measure control, the Shapiro Control Inventory (SCI). Discriminant, divergent, and incremental validity of the SCI is compared with the Rotter's Internal/External Locus of Control Scale and Wallstons' Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales on five groups, one normal and four clinical groups (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, borderline personality, and panic disorder). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among populations on each of the nine SCI scales. The majority of these results were highly significant, whereas for Rotter's scale the results were barely significant, and for Wallstons' three scales, not at all significant. Correlations of the SCI scales with Rotter's and Wallstons' scales were small to moderate, but in no case explained more than 15% of the variance. The SCI also provided incremental validity over Rotter's and Wallstons' scales both for sensitivity (clinical versus normal) and specificity (between clinical groups). The discussion section provides suggestions for future research.
控制的心理结构越来越被认为是身心医学中的一个重要变量，但以往的测量工具在测量方式上存在局限性。本研究详细阐述了以往测量工具的四个局限性，以此作为开发一种新的、多方面、多维度的测量控制的工具——夏皮罗控制量表（SCI）的理论依据。在五组人群中，将SCI的判别效度、区分效度和增量效度与罗特内外控制点量表以及沃尔斯顿多维健康控制点量表进行了比较，这五组人群包括一组正常人群和四组临床人群（抑郁症、广泛性焦虑症、边缘型人格障碍和惊恐障碍）。方差分析显示，在SCI的九个分量表中，不同人群之间均存在显著差异。这些结果中的大多数差异极为显著，而罗特量表的结果勉强显著，沃尔斯顿的三个量表则根本不显著。SCI分量表与罗特量表和沃尔斯顿量表的相关性较小到中等，但在任何情况下，解释的方差都不超过15%。在敏感性（临床组与正常组）和特异性（不同临床组之间）方面，SCI相对于罗特量表和沃尔斯顿量表也具有增量效度。讨论部分为未来研究提供了建议。
