Hughes M R, Goldstein D L, Raveendran L
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Comp Physiol B. 1993;163(6):524-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00346938.
The effects of dehydration and hemorrhage on plasma ionic, osmotic, and antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasotocin) concentrations and of hemorrhage on salt gland secretion and glomerular filtration rate were evaluated in glaucous-winged gulls, Larus glaucescens. Dehydration for 24 h did not affect plasma ionic, osmotic or arginine vasotocin concentrations; 72 h dehydration significantly elevated plasma osmolality, plasma sodium and chloride concentrations, and plasma arginine vasotocin concentration, but did not affect plasma potassium concentration. Constant infusion of 0.8 mol.1-1 NaCl increased plasma arginine vasotocin concentration and produced salt gland secretion in seven gulls; four secreted well, while three secreted less well. Removal of 20% blood volume during saline infusion immediately reduced (P<0.001) salt gland secretion rate in all gulls. After bleeding, good secretors maintained glomerular filtration rate and urine flow rate; the poorer secretors increased glomerular filtration rate and became diuretic. Blood replacement returned salt gland secretion rate to the prebleeding level (P<0.05) without affecting salt gland secretions sodium concentration in gulls which secreted well, but did not restimulate salt gland secretion in gulls which secreted poorly. Reinfusion of blood had no effect on glomerular filtration rate. Bleeding and blood replacement did not affect plasma arginine vasotocin concentration.
在灰翅鸥（Larus glaucescens）中评估了脱水和出血对血浆离子、渗透压及抗利尿激素（精氨酸血管加压素）浓度的影响，以及出血对盐腺分泌和肾小球滤过率的影响。24小时脱水未影响血浆离子、渗透压或精氨酸血管加压素浓度；72小时脱水显著升高了血浆渗透压、血浆钠和氯浓度以及血浆精氨酸血管加压素浓度，但未影响血浆钾浓度。持续输注0.8 mol·L⁻¹ NaCl可提高七只海鸥的血浆精氨酸血管加压素浓度并引起盐腺分泌；四只分泌良好，三只分泌较差。在输注生理盐水期间去除20%血容量会立即降低所有海鸥的盐腺分泌率（P<0.001）。出血后，分泌良好的海鸥维持肾小球滤过率和尿流率；分泌较差的海鸥则提高肾小球滤过率并出现利尿。输血使盐腺分泌率恢复到出血前水平（P<0.05），这对分泌良好的海鸥的盐腺分泌钠浓度没有影响，但未重新刺激分泌较差的海鸥的盐腺分泌。回输血液对肾小球滤过率没有影响。出血和输血均未影响血浆精氨酸血管加压素浓度。
