The cold hemiplegic arm.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Vasomotor changes occur in the arm after hemiplegic stroke. Previous studies have provided conflicting results, with most showing an increase in skin temperature of the hemiplegic arm. However, a number of patients complain of distressing coldness of the hemiplegic arm.

METHODS

Eleven patients with symptomatic coldness and 10 patients with hemiplegia but no coldness were recruited. The severity of the symptom of coldness was compared by questionnaire with other common symptoms after stroke. A thermographic camera was used to record the finger skin temperature response to cold stress. Blood flow to both hands was also measured simultaneously by means of two plethysmographs. In all patients there were no symptoms in the unaffected arm, and this was used as a control.

RESULTS

The symptom of coldness rated highly compared with other symptoms. In the symptomatic group the finger temperature on the hemiplegic side was lower at rest (median difference at rest, 0.65 degrees C; P < .0001) and at all times after cold stress. In the asymptomatic group the fingers on the hemiplegic side were colder at rest and after initial cooling (median temperature difference, 0.2 degrees C) but at no other time. Hand blood flow on the hemiplegic side was also decreased in the symptomatic group by 35%. This was not seen in the asymptomatic group.

CONCLUSIONS

Coldness of the hand may be a severe and distressing symptom in some patients after hemiplegia. Symptomatic patients have lower finger skin temperatures at rest and after standard cold stress. These symptomatic patients also had reduced blood flow to the hemiplegic hand.