Berg A, Halle M, Bauer S, Korsten-Reck U, Keul J
Abteilung Sport- und Leistungsmedizin, Medizinischen Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Deutschland.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1994;144(7):138-44.
Coronary risk factors such as obesity, dyslipoproteinaemia and low physical fitness are often prevalent in childhood. In contrast, regular physical activity and healthy nutrition have been shown to be effective in primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. An increment in physical activity with concomitant weight loss has a profound influence on peripheral lipoprotein metabolism and has shown to improve the atherogenic lipoprotein profile. As risk factors often track from childhood into adulthood it seems inevitable to prevent or diminish risk factors as early as possible. Therefore, intervention programmes for prevention of coronary artery disease have to be conducted in childhood. Experience from an own intervention programme of obese children has shown that the combination of intensive dietary and physical education improves physical fitness, body composition as well as lipid metabolism. Whether short-term benefits will continue into adulthood and reduce coronary artery disease in midlife will have to be shown. Nonetheless, it seems out of question that children showing risk factors such as obesity or hypercholesterolaemia will benefit from early intervention programmes when changing dietary and exercise behaviours.
肥胖、血脂异常和身体素质差等冠心病危险因素在儿童时期往往很普遍。相比之下，规律的体育活动和健康的营养已被证明对冠心病的一级和二级预防有效。体育活动的增加以及随之而来的体重减轻对外周脂蛋白代谢有深远影响，并已证明可改善致动脉粥样硬化的脂蛋白谱。由于危险因素往往从儿童期持续到成年期，尽早预防或减少危险因素似乎是不可避免的。因此，必须在儿童期开展预防冠心病的干预项目。来自一项针对肥胖儿童的自身干预项目的经验表明，强化饮食和体育教育相结合可改善身体素质、身体成分以及脂质代谢。短期益处是否会持续到成年期并降低中年时期的冠心病发病率还有待证明。尽管如此，毫无疑问的是，表现出肥胖或高胆固醇血症等危险因素的儿童在改变饮食和运动行为时将从早期干预项目中受益。
