Houtman I L, Bongers P M, Smulders P G, Kompier M A
TNO Institute of Preventive Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994 Apr;20(2):139-45. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1419.
This paper examines the relationship between work stressors and the following health indicators: psychosomatic complaints, health behavior, and musculoskeletal problems.
Secondary analyses were performed on data from the National Work and Living Condition Survey, which provides a representative sample of the working population in The Netherlands. The survey was made in 1977, 1983, and 1986 by The Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics. By means of factor analysis the following three risk dimensions were identified in the survey: work pace, intellectual discretion, and physical stressors.
High work pace, low intellectual discretion, and physical stressors were associated with increased health complaints (both psychosomatic and musculoskeletal) and musculoskeletal disorders after adjustment for gender, age, education, and sports participation. Low intellectual discretion, but not high work pace, was associated with poor general health and health behavior indicative of poor health. Physical stressors were associated with general health as well, but not with health behavior, except for reported absenteeism.
Psychosocial stressors are not only associated with psychosomatic complaints and health indicators, but also with musculoskeletal problems, both acute and chronic. Especially the relation between intellectual discretion and musculoskeletal problems can be partly attributed to physical load. Even after adjustment for physical stressors and moderating personal characteristics, the relationships between the psychosocial stressors and musculoskeletal problems remained significant and comparable in strength to the relationship between psychosocial stressors and several other health outcomes, such as psychosomatic complaints.
本文探讨工作压力源与以下健康指标之间的关系：身心症状、健康行为和肌肉骨骼问题。
对荷兰国家工作与生活状况调查的数据进行二次分析，该调查提供了荷兰工作人群的代表性样本。该调查由荷兰中央统计局于1977年、1983年和1986年进行。通过因子分析，在调查中确定了以下三个风险维度：工作节奏、智力自主性和身体压力源。
在对性别、年龄、教育程度和体育参与情况进行调整后，高工作节奏、低智力自主性和身体压力源与健康问题（身心和肌肉骨骼方面）及肌肉骨骼疾病的增加有关。低智力自主性而非高工作节奏与总体健康状况不佳以及表明健康状况不佳的健康行为有关。身体压力源也与总体健康有关，但除了报告的旷工外，与健康行为无关。
心理社会压力源不仅与身心症状和健康指标有关，还与急性和慢性肌肉骨骼问题有关。特别是智力自主性与肌肉骨骼问题之间的关系部分可归因于身体负荷。即使在对身体压力源和调节个人特征进行调整后，心理社会压力源与肌肉骨骼问题之间的关系仍然显著，且强度与心理社会压力源与其他一些健康结果（如身心症状）之间的关系相当。
