[Frequency and differentiation of defective spermatozoa in relation to the clinical condition of testes in breeding bulls].

Pathological spermatozoa of the bulls of the B. Swiss breed were differentiated in dependence on the clinical condition of testes. The total proportion of pathological spermatozoa was 15.74% in bulls without clinical changes on testes, 20.35% in bulls with testicular degeneration, and 23.28% in bulls showing clinical fibrosis of testes. The incidence of primary abnormities was 82.46, 83.89, and 82.44%, respectively. Defects on head were observed most frequently on spermatozoa (48.57%, 53.26%, and 44.28%, respectively), followed by defects on flagellum (20.94%, 18.56%, 17.24%, respectively), on the connective part (19.55%, 16.61%, 22.65%), and on spermatozoon neck 11.25%, 10.7%, 16.4%). An increased frequency of acrosomal abnormities, piriform spermatozoon heads, retroaxial head position, broken connective part, coiled and spiral-shaped flagellum was examined in all categories of the animals under study. Healthy, fibrotic, and degenerated testes produce different quantities of defective spermatozoa in dependence on the importance of parenchymatous changes. The proportions and incidences of individual abnormities are similar in bulls without clinical testicular changes and in animals with degenerated testes; hence it is impossible to use differential spermiogram in testicular change diagnosis. In bulls with fibrotic testicular finding greater differences were found in a small number of abnormities (acrosomal changes, changes in head size, broken connective part, bent flagellum) which could be used in andrological diagnosis.