Expression of heat shock factor 2 in mouse testis: potential role as a regulator of heat-shock protein gene expression during spermatogenesis.

We have examined the expression and function of heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2) in spermatogenic cells of mouse testis. The results of in situ RNA hybridization analysis, RNA filter hybridization, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicate that HSF2 mRNA expression in testis is subject to developmental and cell type-dependent, as well as stage-dependent, regulation. Localized expression of HSF2 mRNA in testis first appears between Day 14 and Day 21 of postnatal development. In adult testis, HSF2 mRNA is found at highest levels in spermatocytes and round spermatids. Immunocytochemical staining and gel mobility shift analysis demonstrate that HSF2 protein is localized to the nuclei of spermatocytes and round spermatids and that this transcription factor exists in testis in a constitutively active DNA-binding state. We further demonstrate that the constitutive HSF2 DNA-binding activity present in testis is able to interact with promoter sequences of the hsp70.2 gene, a testis-specific member of the hsp70 gene family. Taken together, our results show that the expression and functional properties of HSF2 are regulated in spermatogenic cell types of the mouse testis, supporting a role for this transcription factor as a regulator of hsp gene expression during spermatogenesis.