Moellering R C, Hrdy D B, Hindley S W
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1975 May;24(3):496-508. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1975.24.496.
Skin testing with antigens from Histoplasma capsulatum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD-S), and atypical mycobacteria (PPD-B, PPD-G, PPD-Y, and PPD-platy) was carried out among six population groups in the Solomon Islands between 1968 and 1972. There was no positive reaction to histoplasmin among any of the groups, suggesting that histoplasmosis is not endemic in the Solomon Islands. There were significant numbers of tuberculin reactors among each group. Largest mean reactions to PPD-S were present among the Lau and Ulawa, in whom reactions to PPD-S were larger than those to any other antigen tested. Thus significant infection with M. tuberculosis appears to occur in these populations. This was corroborated by radiologic survey. Among the Lau, large reactions to PPD-G and PPD-Y were also elicited, raising the possibility of multiple infection. Among the Aita, Baegu, Nagovisi, and Ontong Java, PPD-G elicited the largest reactions. PPD-G produced the second largest reactions among the Lau and Ulawa. PPD-S elicited the largest or second largest reaction among 4 of the 6 groups. A notable exception was the Aita, in whom PPD-S elicited the smallest mean reaction. The Aita also had the lowest prevalence of radiologic findings consistent with tuberculosis. These observations suggest that M. tuberculosis has been introduced into the Solomon Islands from outside sources, a hypothesis which may explain the variability in prevalence of tuberculosis-like disease demonstrated by chest film among the six groups. Genetic differences may also play a role in this variability. The study also demonstrated a high prevalence of "baseline" sensitivity to the atypical mycobacteria among the Solomon Islanders. This sensitivity may confer some immunity to infection with M; tuberculosis, but this protection is far from complete.
1968年至1972年间，在所罗门群岛的六个群体中进行了荚膜组织胞浆菌、结核分枝杆菌（PPD-S）和非典型分枝杆菌（PPD-B、PPD-G、PPD-Y和PPD-扁平菌）抗原的皮肤试验。所有群体对组织胞浆菌素均无阳性反应，这表明组织胞浆菌病在所罗门群岛并非地方病。每个群体中都有大量结核菌素反应者。劳族和乌拉瓦族对PPD-S的平均反应最大，他们对PPD-S的反应比对任何其他测试抗原的反应都大。因此，这些人群中似乎发生了显著的结核分枝杆菌感染。这一点得到了放射学调查的证实。在劳族中，对PPD-G和PPD-Y也有较大反应，增加了多重感染的可能性。在艾塔族、贝古族、纳戈维西族和翁通爪哇族中，PPD-G引起的反应最大。PPD-G在劳族和乌拉瓦族中引起的反应排第二。PPD-S在6个群体中的4个群体中引起的反应最大或排第二。一个显著的例外是艾塔族，PPD-S在该群体中引起的平均反应最小。艾塔族中与结核病相符的放射学检查结果的患病率也最低。这些观察结果表明，结核分枝杆菌是从外部引入所罗门群岛的，这一假设可以解释六个群体中胸部X线片显示的类似结核病疾病患病率的差异。基因差异也可能在这种差异中起作用。该研究还表明，在所罗门群岛居民中，对非典型分枝杆菌的“基线”敏感性患病率很高。这种敏感性可能会赋予对结核分枝杆菌感染的一定免疫力，但这种保护远非完全有效。
