Determination of midazolam and two of its metabolites in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay coupled with UV detection (254 nm) has been developed for the determination of midazolam and two of its hydroxylated metabolites, 1-hydroxymidazolam (1-OH) and 4-hydroxymidazolam (4-OH), in human plasma. Following a novel solid-phase extraction procedure, midazolam and its metabolites are well recovered from plasma. The analytes were extracted with C1 cartridges and the extracts were evaporated to dryness. The dry residues were dissolved in 200 microliters of mobile phase [0.02 M ammonium phosphate monobasic buffer-methanol-acetonitrile (60:35:5, v/v) (300 ml), 600 microliters of 0.2 M tetrabutylammonium bromide solution, adjusted to a pH* (apparent pH) of 4.10]. The separation of the analytes was performed on a Spherisorb C8 column (10 cm x 4.6 mm I.D.) maintained at 30 degrees C. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min. The method has a lower limit of quantitation of 15 ng/ml of plasma for midazolam and proved to be reproducible (inter-assay precision 5.4%) and accurate (94 +/- 5%) over the therapeutic range of concentrations.