Lloyd R D, Miller S C, Taylor G N, Bruenger F W, Jee W S, Angus W
Radiobiology Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
Health Phys. 1994 Oct;67(4):346-53. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199410000-00005.
The toxicity ratio (relative effectiveness per gray of average skeletal dose) has been estimated for bone cancer induction in beagles injected as young adults for a number of bone-seeking internal emitters. These experiments yielded calculated toxicity ratios (+/- SD) relative to 226Ra = 1.0 of 239Pu = 16 +/- 5 (single exposure to monomeric Pu) and 32 +/- 10 (continuous exposure from an extraskeletal deposit in the body), 224Ra = 16 +/- 5 (chronic exposure) and approximately 6 +/- 2 (single exposure), 228Th = 8.5 +/- 2.3, 241Am = 6 +/- 0.8, 228Ra = 2.0 +/- 0.5, 249Cf = 6 +/- 3, 252Cf = 4 +/- 2, 90Sr = 1.0 +/- 0.5 (for high doses) and 0.05 +/- 0.03 (for low doses) and 0.01 +/- 0.01 (for extremely low doses). Because no skeletal malignancies were observed among beagles given only 253Es, the toxicity ratio is undefined.
已针对多种亲骨性体内发射体，对成年初期注射的比格犬诱发骨癌的毒性比（平均骨骼剂量每格雷的相对有效性）进行了估算。这些实验得出了相对于226Ra = 1.0的计算毒性比（±标准差）：239Pu = 16 ± 5（单次暴露于单体钚）和32 ± 10（体内骨骼外沉积物的持续暴露），224Ra = 16 ± 5（慢性暴露）和约6 ± 2（单次暴露），228Th = 8.5 ± 2.3，241Am = 6 ± 0.8，228Ra = 2.0 ± 0.5，249Cf = 6 ± 3，252Cf = 4 ± 2，90Sr = 1.0 ± 0.5（高剂量时）和0.05 ± 0.03（低剂量时）以及0.01 ± 0.01（极低剂量时）。由于仅给予253Es的比格犬未观察到骨骼恶性肿瘤，因此毒性比未确定。
