Weber D J, Rutala W A
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill 27599-7030.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994 Jun;15(6):411-5. doi: 10.1086/646939.
The epidemiology of pertussis has changed in recent years. First, pertussis in adults is far more common than previously thought. Second, in many instances, the disease in adults is atypical or asymptomatic. Third, adult pertussis occurs despite a prior history of full immunization and, indeed, in persons with a prior history of natural disease. Large outbreaks of pertussis have occurred in healthcare facilities through failure to recognize and isolate infected infants and children, failure to recognize and treat disease in staff members, and failure to institute control measures rapidly. Appropriate use of work restriction and erythromycin prophylaxis may decrease the likelihood of institutional outbreaks.
近年来，百日咳的流行病学情况发生了变化。首先，成人百日咳比以前认为的要普遍得多。其次，在许多情况下，成人患的百日咳是非典型的或无症状的。第三，尽管有全程免疫史，甚至有自然感染疾病史的人也会患成人百日咳。由于未能识别和隔离受感染的婴幼儿、未能识别和治疗工作人员的疾病以及未能迅速采取控制措施，医疗机构中发生了大规模百日咳疫情。适当实施工作限制和使用红霉素预防措施可能会降低机构内爆发疫情的可能性。
