Fischman M G, Yao W X
Auburn University, Department of Health and Human Performance, AL 36849.
Percept Mot Skills. 1994 Jun;78(3 Pt 1):827-32. doi: 10.1177/003151259407800329.
In 1991 Sidaway proposed an alternative explanation to account for the traditional effect of response complexity on programming time. He suggested that rather than number of movement parts per se, it is the directional accuracy demand of a response, as quantified by the "subtended angle," that constrains the movement initiation and produces programming delays. In Sidaway's experiments targets were positioned so that the first target was always closest to the starting position, with subsequent targets positioned further away from the start. This study tested the subtended-angle hypothesis by placing the first target furthest from the starting position, with subsequent targets struck by reversing direction and coming back toward the start. 30 subjects performed two aiming responses, a discrete 1-TAP condition and a serial 3-REVERSE condition. Because the subtended angle was identical in both conditions, there should be no difference in programming time. Our analyses, however, showed a significant effect for number of targets. Mean reaction time was longer for 3-REVERSE than for 1-TAP. These results argue against a strict constraint interpretation based on subtended angle and suggest that, under certain conditions, number of movement parts can still affect delays in response programming.
1991年，西达韦提出了另一种解释，以说明反应复杂性对编程时间的传统影响。他认为，制约动作启动并导致编程延迟的，并非动作部件本身的数量，而是由“张角”量化的反应方向精度要求。在西达韦的实验中，目标的位置设置为第一个目标总是最靠近起始位置，后续目标则离起始位置更远。本研究通过将第一个目标放置在离起始位置最远的地方来检验张角假说，后续目标则通过反向并朝着起始位置返回的方式击中。30名受试者进行了两种瞄准反应，一种是离散的单点击条件，另一种是连续的三反向条件。由于两种条件下的张角相同，编程时间应该没有差异。然而，我们的分析显示目标数量有显著影响。三反向的平均反应时间比单点击长。这些结果反对基于张角的严格约束解释，并表明在某些条件下，动作部件的数量仍然会影响反应编程中的延迟。
