Eviatar Z, Zaidel E, Wickens T
Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Jul;56(1):62-72. doi: 10.3758/bf03211691.
We propose a model in which the physical and nominal dimensions of letter pairs are compared independently of whether subjects use physical (shape task) or nominal (name task) identity as the decision criterion. We attempt to explain the fast-same effect, the preponderance of false-different errors, and the nominal-physical disparity as results of congruent and incongruent outputs of physical and nominal comparison devices that function in both tasks. Subjects performed both tasks with and without response deadlines. The stimuli were presented foveally or unilaterally to one or the other hemisphere. With foveal presentations, the nominal-physical disparity disappeared when congruent and incongruent cells were compared, the fast-same effect occurred only in the shape task, and there was a preponderance of false-different errors only in the name task. Response times and error patterns from centrally presented trials conformed to the predictions of the model. Performance patterns from the lateralized trials conformed only partially. The implications of the data are discussed in the context of several theoretical models of same/different judgments.
我们提出了一个模型，在该模型中，字母对的物理维度和名义维度的比较是独立进行的，而不考虑受试者是使用物理（形状任务）还是名义（名称任务）身份作为决策标准。我们试图将快速相同效应、错误不同错误的优势以及名义-物理差异解释为在两个任务中起作用的物理和名义比较装置的一致和不一致输出的结果。受试者在有和没有反应期限的情况下执行这两个任务。刺激以中央凹或单侧方式呈现给一个或另一个半球。在中央凹呈现时，当比较一致和不一致的细胞时，名义-物理差异消失，快速相同效应仅出现在形状任务中，并且仅在名称任务中存在错误不同错误的优势。来自中央呈现试验的反应时间和错误模式符合该模型的预测。来自单侧化试验的表现模式仅部分符合。在几个相同/不同判断的理论模型的背景下讨论了数据的含义。
