Peate W F
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Prim Care. 1994 Jun;21(2):313-27.
Musculoskeletal disorders of the workplace include the acute, cumulative and chronic injuries or illnesses of the soft tissues which are caused by mechanical stress, strain, sprain, vibration, inflammation, or irritation. The successful management of occupational musculoskeletal disorders must account for workplace conditions (ergonomics and work practices), psychosocial factors, diagnostic uncertainties, and the need for active modalities (exercises and a progressive increase in activities of daily living), rather than passive (bed rest and traction). Although most occupational musculoskeletal disorders respond to conservative measures such as ice or heat, protective devices such as, neutral splints for carpal tunnel syndrome, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and progressive strengthening, resolution may take months. Prevention is often more important than treatment, and may entail workplace revisions and special worker training. Worker selection programs--strength testing, pre-placement radiographs, and inquiries about prior low back pain--have poor predictive value.
工作场所的肌肉骨骼疾病包括由机械应力、劳损、扭伤、振动、炎症或刺激引起的软组织急性、累积性和慢性损伤或疾病。职业性肌肉骨骼疾病的成功管理必须考虑工作场所条件（人体工程学和工作实践）、社会心理因素、诊断的不确定性以及积极治疗方式（锻炼和日常生活活动的逐步增加）的必要性，而不是被动治疗（卧床休息和牵引）。尽管大多数职业性肌肉骨骼疾病对冰敷或热敷等保守措施、腕管综合征的中性夹板等保护装置、非甾体类抗炎药以及渐进性强化治疗有反应，但症状缓解可能需要数月时间。预防通常比治疗更重要，可能需要对工作场所进行修订并对工人进行特殊培训。工人选拔程序——力量测试、入职前X光检查以及询问既往腰痛情况——预测价值较低。
