Franci C R
Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 1994 Apr;27(4):885-903.
This article reviews some aspects of neural and hormonal control of water and sodium balance. The maintenance of extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity depends on the coordinated action of multiple mechanisms of water and sodium intake and excretion. Different technics for manipulation of the central nervous system, i.e., withdrawing of nervous structures, electrolytic lesion, electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation, have allowed the identification of some brain areas, neural circuits and neurotransmitters that participate in the mechanisms of control of water and sodium intake and excretion. The signals for thirst and actions of angiotension II, cholinergic agents and atrial natriuretic factor upon drinking are discussed. Three possible types of effector mechanism for centrally induced natriuresis are discussed: 1) renal innervation; 2) secretion of a substance by the brain which causes natriuresis through direct or indirect action (antidiuretic hormone and active sodium transport inhibition); 3) CNS control of the secretion of a hormonal substance produced at another site (mineralocorticoid and atrial natriuretic factor). These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive.
本文综述了神经和激素对水盐平衡控制的一些方面。细胞外液容量和渗透压的维持依赖于多种水盐摄入与排泄机制的协同作用。不同的中枢神经系统操作技术，即去除神经结构、电解损伤、电刺激和化学刺激，已使人们能够识别一些参与水盐摄入与排泄控制机制的脑区、神经回路和神经递质。本文还讨论了口渴信号以及血管紧张素II、胆碱能药物和心房利钠因子对饮水的作用。文中讨论了中枢性利尿的三种可能效应机制：1）肾神经支配；2）脑分泌一种物质，该物质通过直接或间接作用（抗利尿激素和活性钠转运抑制）导致利尿；3）中枢神经系统对另一部位产生的激素物质（盐皮质激素和心房利钠因子）分泌的控制。这些机制并非相互排斥。
