Earnshaw W C, Mackay A M
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
FASEB J. 1994 Sep;8(12):947-56. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.8.12.8088460.
This review is concerned with the role of chromosomal nonhistone proteins in three important aspects of mitotic events: chromosome condensation, sister chromatid separation at the metaphase:anaphase transition, and interactions between the chromosomes and cytoskeleton that occur during construction of the mitotic spindle and cleavage furrow. Emphasis will be given to the potential roles of topoisomerase II and the chromosome passenger proteins in these events. Other important aspects of mitotic events such as the regulation of the G2-->M transition, the structural changes that affect the nuclear envelope and other organelles during mitosis, and the mechanism of chromosome movement will not be considered here. Despite long histories of often elegant experimentation, all three of our chosen subjects remain areas of lively, ongoing controversy. Thus, although recent advances appear to have taken us many steps closer to an understanding of the underlying mechanisms, we suspect that final answers will be some time in coming.
染色体凝聚、中期到后期转换时姐妹染色单体的分离，以及在有丝分裂纺锤体和分裂沟构建过程中染色体与细胞骨架之间的相互作用。重点将放在拓扑异构酶II和染色体乘客蛋白在这些事件中的潜在作用上。有丝分裂事件的其他重要方面，如G2期到M期转换的调控、有丝分裂期间影响核膜和其他细胞器的结构变化，以及染色体运动的机制，在此将不予考虑。尽管经过了长期且常常是精巧的实验研究，但我们所选的这三个主题仍然是活跃的、仍在持续争论的领域。因此，尽管最近的进展似乎使我们在理解潜在机制方面迈进了许多步，但我们怀疑最终答案仍需时日才能得出。
