亚硝酸钠与羟胺联合给药对大鼠氰化物中毒的防护作用。

Protection against cyanide poisoning by the co-administration of sodium nitrite and hydroxylamine in rats.

Bhattacharya R, Jeevaratnam K, Raza S K, Das Gupta S

Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.

Hum Exp Toxicol. 1993 Jan;12(1):33-6. doi: 10.1177/096032719301200107.

Abstract

The protectiveness of combined treatment with sodium nitrite (SN) and hydroxylamine (HA) in cyanide intoxication was investigated in male rats. 2. Pretreatment with equimolar dose of SN or HA produced a significant protection against cyanide poisoning as shown by the protection index (LD50 of cyanide in protected rats/LD50 of cyanide in saline-treated rats). 3. The co-administration of SN and HA as a split dose produced an optimal and sustained methaemoglobinaemia. 4. Pretreatment with combined SN and HA administration at different time intervals offered sustained protection against cyanide and resultant cytochrome oxidase inhibition. 5. Adjunction of sodium thiosulphate (STS) in the SN+HA regimen further augmented the protection against cyanide poisoning. 6. The results suggest that pretreatment with SN+HA co-administration could significantly reduce the toxic manifestation of cyanide.

摘要

在雄性大鼠中研究了亚硝酸钠（SN）和羟胺（HA）联合治疗对氰化物中毒的保护作用。2. 等摩尔剂量的SN或HA预处理对氰化物中毒产生了显著的保护作用，保护指数（受保护大鼠中氰化物的半数致死量/生理盐水处理大鼠中氰化物的半数致死量）表明了这一点。3. 分剂量联合给予SN和HA可产生最佳且持续的高铁血红蛋白血症。4. 在不同时间间隔联合给予SN和HA进行预处理可对氰化物及由此导致的细胞色素氧化酶抑制提供持续保护。5. 在SN + HA方案中加入硫代硫酸钠（STS）可进一步增强对氰化物中毒的保护作用。6. 结果表明，联合给予SN + HA进行预处理可显著降低氰化物的毒性表现。