Rao M S, Landis S C
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
J Neurobiol. 1993 Feb;24(2):215-32. doi: 10.1002/neu.480240208.
The transmitter properties of both developing and mature sympathetic neurons are plastic and can be modulated by a number of environmental cues. Cell culture studies demonstrate that noradrenergic neurons can be induced to become cholinergic and that the expression of neuropeptides can be altered. Similar changes in transmitter phenotype occur in vivo. During development, noradrenergic neurons that innervate eccrine sweat glands acquire cholinergic and peptidergic function. This change is dependent upon interactions with the target tissue. Following injury of sympathetic neurons in developing and adult animals, striking alterations take place in peptide expression. Ciliary neurotrophic factor and cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor, members of a family that includes several hematopoietic cytokines, induce cholinergic function and modulate neuropeptide expression in cultured sympathetic neurons. Studies in progress provide evidence that members of this new cytokine family influence the transmitter phenotype of sympathetic neurons not only in vitro but also in vivo.
发育中的和成熟的交感神经元的递质特性具有可塑性，并且可被多种环境信号所调节。细胞培养研究表明，去甲肾上腺素能神经元可被诱导转变为胆碱能神经元，并且神经肽的表达也可发生改变。在体内也会出现递质表型的类似变化。在发育过程中，支配外分泌汗腺的去甲肾上腺素能神经元会获得胆碱能和肽能功能。这种变化依赖于与靶组织的相互作用。在发育中的和成年动物的交感神经元受损后，肽表达会发生显著改变。睫状神经营养因子和胆碱能分化因子/白血病抑制因子，属于一个包括多种造血细胞因子的家族成员，可诱导培养的交感神经元产生胆碱能功能并调节神经肽表达。正在进行的研究提供了证据表明，这个新的细胞因子家族的成员不仅在体外而且在体内都会影响交感神经元的递质表型。
