Characterization of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype-specific antibodies.

Subtypes of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors have been defined pharmacologically in a variety of mammalian tissues. The alpha 2A, alpha 2B, alpha 2C, and most recently alpha 2D subtypes have been characterized by their affinities for selective receptor antagonists and agonists. The genes that may encode the alpha 2A, alpha 2B, and alpha 2C subtypes have been identified in human and rat. In human these genes are termed alpha 2-C10, alpha 2-C2, and alpha 2-C4, respectively, based on their chromosomal localization, whereas three genes, designated RG20 alpha 2, RNG alpha 2, and RG10 alpha 2, are thought to be the corresponding rat homologues. These assignments were based on the pharmacology of the cloned receptor genes expressed in transfected cells and on the detection of homologous mRNAs by Northern blot analyses in cell lines or tissues with pharmacologically defined alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. However, the subtype assignment of cloned genes has not been fully resolved by these means. To help clarify the subtype assignment, we have raised antibodies against sequences from the divergent third intracellular loop of the human and rat alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. These antibodies were found to be subtype specific in immunoprecipitating either the cloned receptors expressed by DNA transfection or the pharmacologically defined receptors prepared from various tissues. Our immunological data corroborate the assignments of alpha 2-C2/RNG alpha 2 as encoding the alpha 2B subtype in NG108-15 cells and rat neonatal lung and of alpha 2-C4/RG10 alpha 2 as encoding the alpha 2C subtype in opossum kidney cells. Furthermore, antibodies against alpha 2-C10 and RG20 alpha 2 but not alpha 2-C2/RNG alpha 2 or alpha 2-C4/RG10 alpha 2 were both found to recognize alpha 2-adrenergic receptors expressed in rat submaxillary glands and in bovine pineal gland, two tissues with alpha 2D pharmacology. Because three genes were identified in the rat and human genome, these data suggest that the pharmacologically defined "alpha 2D receptor" is genetically of the alpha 2A subtype.