Mechanisms of amphetamine-induced rotation in rats with unilateral intrastriatal grafts of embryonic dopaminergic neurons: a pharmacological and biochemical analysis.

Amphetamine induces a pronounced rotation directed ipsilateral to the lesion and lasting about 2 h in rats bearing a unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Implantation of embryonic dopaminergic neurons into the lesioned striatum leads to a compensation of this rotation. However, graft-bearing animals display a strong biphasic contralateral rotation, lasting up to 5 h. To try to ascertain the mechanisms of this anomalous rotation, two separate experiments were performed. First, we tested whether the contralateral rotation presented by the grafted animals could be correlated to the persistence of the lesion-induced decoupling of striatal D1 and D2 receptors. Lesioned and grafted animals were submitted to a series of four amphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) rotation tests. Preceding each test animals received, in a randomized order, one of four of the following treatments: physiological saline, a D1 receptor blocker (SCH-23390, 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.), a D2 receptor blocker (raclopride, 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or the combination of the D1 and D2 antagonists. The ipsilateral rotation observed in the lesioned animals was abolished by the separate blockade of both classes of dopamine receptor as well as by their combined blockade. Grafted animals could be separated into two subgroups, based on the effect of the antagonists during the first 2 h of amphetamine-induced rotation. In one subgroup, antagonists had the same effect on the amphetamine-induced contralateral rotation as they did on the ipsilateral rotation displayed by lesioned animals. In this group, D1 and D2 receptors were therefore recoupled by the implant in the lesioned striatum. In the other subgroup, the contralateral rotation could be antagonized only by the combined D1 and D2 blockade, while the separate blockade of D1 or D2 receptors did not decrease or even increased the amphetamine-induced rotation. This indicates that in this group the lesion-induced decoupling of D1 and D2 receptors persisted. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the amphetamine-induced rotation (magnitude, duration) were the same in the two subgroups. Likewise, hypersensitivities of both D1 and D2 receptors were completely abolished by the graft in both subgroups. From this experiment it is concluded that the amphetamine-induced rotation observed in grafted animals is not correlated with the state of coupling of striatal D1 or D2 receptors. In a second experiment, dopamine release was monitored by microdialysis in the graft-bearing and the contralateral normal striatum of awake, behaving animals following the administration of amphetamine to test whether the observed rotation could be explained by a higher than normal dopamine release from the implanted dopaminergic neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)