Topics in clinical pharmacology: flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist.

Flumazenil is a central antagonist of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines. It has been used to reverse benzodiazepine effects in conscious sedation, general anesthesia, and overdose with restoration of alertness and psychomotor function within minutes of administration. Seizures have followed the use of flumazenil. Overdose patients who have co-ingested cyclic antidepressants are especially at risk for this complication. Flumazenil is administered intravenously in small, incremental doses.