Liposits Z
Department of Anatomy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Szeged, Kossuth Lajos, Hungary.
Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1993;7(2):89-162.
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of endocrine processes and the modulation of autonomic functions. The multi-channel outputs of the nucleus are directed toward the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary, autonomic centers, and limbic structures. Counterbalancing the wide spectrum of efferent projections, the nucleus receives humoral signals from endocrine glands and neuronal afferents from several loci of the brain. The multiple functions of the nucleus are executed by neurons that are organized in distinct subnuclei and display complex chemotypes. The review demonstrates and discusses the organization, architecture, chemical composition, plasticity, and pathology of paraventricular neurons of the rat hypothalamus from the perspective of ultrastructural analysis. Electron microscopy--by its high resolution--offers a powerful tool that is suitable for revealing the structural background of physiological processes that modulate and govern the operation of paraventricular neurons.
下丘脑室旁核（PVN）在调节内分泌过程和调节自主功能中起关键作用。该核的多通道输出指向垂体前叶和后叶、自主神经中枢和边缘结构。与广泛的传出投射相平衡，该核接收来自内分泌腺的体液信号和来自脑内多个位点的神经传入信号。该核的多种功能由组织在不同亚核中并表现出复杂化学型的神经元执行。本综述从超微结构分析的角度展示并讨论了大鼠下丘脑室旁神经元的组织、结构、化学成分、可塑性和病理学。电子显微镜——凭借其高分辨率——提供了一个强大的工具，适用于揭示调节和控制室旁神经元运作的生理过程的结构背景。
