Bush J V, Powell N J, Herzberg G
Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Occupational Therapy Department, Detroit 48201.
Am J Occup Ther. 1993 Oct;47(10):927-33. doi: 10.5014/ajot.47.10.927.
Career expectations contribute to job satisfaction, which ultimately affects personnel retention. This paper focuses on a current trend in career literature: career self-efficacy, judgments about the efficacy of one's career choice and adjustment. Career self-efficacy is relevant to occupational therapy in that therapists are leaving the profession because of unmet career expectations. This paper explores Bandura's self-efficacy theory (the basis of career self-efficacy) and discusses the authors' experience in clinical practice and education relating the application of career self-efficacy to occupational therapy. Suggested methods for enhancing career self-efficacy include the implementation of a professional development course based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory; incorporation of self-efficacy content into the professional theory and practice courses; clinical supervision that creates realistic self-perceptions of performance during the field-work experience; and transitional programs for entry-level practitioners that identify and explore personal career expectations and support for the experienced practitioner.
职业期望有助于提升工作满意度，而工作满意度最终会影响人员留存率。本文聚焦于职业文献中的一个当前趋势：职业自我效能感，即对个人职业选择和调整效能的判断。职业自我效能感与职业治疗相关，因为治疗师正由于未实现的职业期望而离开该行业。本文探讨了班杜拉的自我效能感理论（职业自我效能感的基础），并讨论了作者在临床实践和教育方面将职业自我效能感应用于职业治疗的经验。提高职业自我效能感的建议方法包括：基于班杜拉的自我效能感理论实施专业发展课程；将自我效能感内容纳入专业理论和实践课程；在实地工作经验中进行临床督导，以形成对表现的现实自我认知；以及为入门级从业者制定过渡计划，以明确和探索个人职业期望，并为经验丰富的从业者提供支持。
