Tsukamoto K, Teramoto T
First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
Nihon Rinsho. 1994 Jan;52(1):150-8.
The liver is of prime importance in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Thirty to 60% of the ingested carbohydrates are taken up by the liver, and stored as glycogen. In the fasted state, the liver releases glucose by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The liver, therefore, acts as a "buffering organ' in carbohydrate metabolism to keep the blood glucose level in a physiological state. In liver cirrhosis, abnormality in carbohydrate metabolism is commonly observed, characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The liver produces cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid, secretes and uptakes lipoproteins, and discharges cholesterol in the form of bile. In addition, the liver produces important enzymes for lipoprotein metabolism. In consequence, many typical,. features are observed in lipid metabolism in hepatic diseases.
肝脏在碳水化合物和脂质代谢中至关重要。摄入的碳水化合物有30%至60%被肝脏摄取并储存为糖原。在禁食状态下，肝脏通过糖原分解和糖异生作用释放葡萄糖。因此，肝脏在碳水化合物代谢中充当“缓冲器官”，以使血糖水平维持在生理状态。在肝硬化中，常见碳水化合物代谢异常，其特征为高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗。肝脏产生胆固醇、甘油三酯和磷脂，分泌并摄取脂蛋白，并以胆汁的形式排出胆固醇。此外，肝脏产生脂蛋白代谢所需的重要酶。因此，在肝脏疾病的脂质代谢中可观察到许多典型特征。
