Barańska-Gieruszczak M, Ryglewicz D, Lechowicz W, Mendel T, Weissbein T
Kliniki Chorób Naczyniowych Układu Nerwowego Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie.
Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1993 Sep-Oct;27(5):625-32.
The prevalence of risk factors in relation to age was analysed in 470 patients with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke. In all patients the most frequent risk factor was hypertension: 54-72% in haemorrhagic stroke, and 44-49% in ischaemic stroke. Moreover, in both types of stroke in the group aged up to 50 years the proportion of heavy smokers was high: 54% in haemorrhagic and 44% in ischaemic stroke. In the group aged 51 to 65 years coronary disease was present in 44% of haemorrhagic and 41% in ischaemic stroke. In patients aged 65 years coronary disease was present in 59% of haemorrhagic strokes and in 33% of ischaemic strokes. Arrhythmia was noted in 45% of haemorrhagic and 36% of ischaemic strokes. The presence of risk factors had an influence not only on the incidence of strokes but also on their course and prognosis, this was true especially of ischaemic stroke, since in dying patients, especially those aged below 50 years, the prevalence of hypertension, smoking and coronary disease was higher. In patients aged over 65 years mortality was higher in those with arrhythmias and coronary disease.
对470例缺血性或出血性中风患者的危险因素与年龄的关系进行了分析。在所有患者中，最常见的危险因素是高血压：出血性中风患者中为54 - 72%，缺血性中风患者中为44 - 49%。此外，在50岁及以下的两组中风患者中，重度吸烟者的比例都很高：出血性中风患者中为54%，缺血性中风患者中为44%。在51至65岁的组中，出血性中风患者中有44%患有冠心病，缺血性中风患者中有41%患有冠心病。在65岁的患者中，出血性中风患者中有59%患有冠心病，缺血性中风患者中有33%患有冠心病。出血性中风患者中有45%出现心律失常，缺血性中风患者中有36%出现心律失常。危险因素的存在不仅影响中风的发病率，还影响其病程和预后，缺血性中风尤其如此，因为在死亡患者中，尤其是50岁以下患者，高血压、吸烟和冠心病的患病率更高。在65岁以上的患者中，有心律失常和冠心病的患者死亡率更高。
