Hiraga T, Abe M, Iwasa K, Takehana K, Tanigaki A
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Vet Pathol. 1993 Nov;30(6):529-34. doi: 10.1177/030098589303000606.
Two Holstein calves affected with cervico-pectoral ectopia cordis, a male (No. 1) delivered stillborn and a female (No. 2) died 1 hour after birth, were examined macroscopically and radiographically to assess the severity and elucidate the teratogenesis of the anomaly. The heart of one calf was covered by the intact pericardium and skin and displaced to the caudalmost portion of the ventrocervical region, just cranial to an enlarged thoracic inlet. The cranial vena cava and the vena azygos were duplicated. The sternum was bilaterally divided into two parts fused only at the xyphoid process and was semicircular. The heart of the other calf, covered solely by the pericardium, was exposed ventrally from an oval opening in the body wall just cranial to a defective Y-shaped sternum. In both calves, the arterial branching pattern from the aortic arch was intermediate between the patterns of the dog and pig, and in each case a single pulmonary vein emptied into the left atrium. Pronounced or slight torticollis, cleft palate, and abnormalities in the urogenital system were also found. From an embryological perspective, cervical and pectoral ectopia cordis have a common pathogenesis; the cervical type occurs at a slightly earlier fetal stage than the pectoral type.
对两头患有颈胸型心脏异位的荷斯坦犊牛进行了大体和放射学检查，以评估异常的严重程度并阐明其致畸机制。其中一头雄性犊牛（1号）为死产，一头雌性犊牛（2号）出生后1小时死亡。一头犊牛的心脏被完整的心包和皮肤覆盖，移位至颈前腹侧区域的最尾端部分，恰好在扩大的胸廓入口前方。头臂静脉和奇静脉均为双支。胸骨双侧分为两部分，仅在剑突处融合，呈半圆形。另一头犊牛的心脏仅被心包覆盖，从胸壁上一个椭圆形开口腹侧暴露，该开口恰好在有缺陷的Y形胸骨前方。在这两头犊牛中，主动脉弓的动脉分支模式介于犬和猪的模式之间，且每例均有一条肺静脉汇入左心房。还发现了明显或轻微的斜颈、腭裂以及泌尿生殖系统异常。从胚胎学角度来看，颈型和胸型心脏异位有共同的发病机制；颈型发生在胎儿期略早于胸型的阶段。
