Markusfeld O, Ezra E
Hachaklait the Mutual Society for Insurance and Veterinary Services, Nahariya, Israel.
J Dairy Sci. 1993 Dec;76(12):3771-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77720-6.
Effects of herd, sire, season, body height, BW, age at calving, and metritis on future performance of first lactation cows were evaluated in eight commercial Israeli Holstein herds. Short, heavy first lactation cows had an odds ratio of 3.1 of incidence of metritis at calving compared with all others; 648 first lactation cows were measured at wk 1 postpartum. Sire, herd, age, height, season, and BW contributed to peak milk yield. Metritis did not affect peak yield. Herd, sire, height, and age contributed to mature equivalent corrected 305-d milk yield. No effect was found for BW, season, or metritis. Herd was the only variable contributing to month of peak yield and rate of monthly drop in yield. Interactions between BW, height, and incidence of metritis were significant. Tall, heavy first lactation cows with metritis peaked higher and yielded more than those without metritis. Short, light first lactation cows with metritis yielded less and peaked lower than their healthy counterparts. Metritis did not affect future fertility, but season and the interaction between BW and height did. Tall, heavy first lactation cows had a lower pregnancy rate from first AI, independent of milk yield. The relative importance of height as a predictor of future milk yield is underestimated. The interaction between height and BW may have an antagonistic effect on yield and fertility.
在以色列的八个商业荷斯坦奶牛场中，评估了牛群、公牛、季节、体高、体重、产犊年龄和子宫炎对初产奶牛未来生产性能的影响。与其他所有奶牛相比，体型矮小且体重较重的初产奶牛产犊时患子宫炎的几率为3.1；产后第1周对648头初产奶牛进行了测量。公牛、牛群、年龄、体高、季节和体重对产奶高峰期产量有影响。子宫炎不影响产奶高峰期产量。牛群、公牛、体高和年龄对成熟当量校正后的305天产奶量有影响。体重、季节或子宫炎未发现有影响。牛群是影响产奶高峰期月份和月产奶量下降速度的唯一变量。体重、体高和子宫炎发病率之间的相互作用显著。患有子宫炎的体型高大且体重较重的初产奶牛产奶高峰期更高，产奶量也比未患子宫炎的奶牛多。患有子宫炎的体型矮小且体重较轻的初产奶牛产奶量较少，产奶高峰期也较低。子宫炎不影响未来的繁殖力，但季节以及体重和体高之间的相互作用会影响。体型高大且体重较重的初产奶牛首次人工授精后的受孕率较低，与产奶量无关。体高作为未来产奶量预测指标的相对重要性被低估了。体高和体重之间的相互作用可能对产奶量和繁殖力有拮抗作用。
