Barré N, Garris G, Aprelon R
CIRAD-EMVT, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe.
Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1993;46(1-2):349-54.
The success of an eradication campaign against the tropical bont tick in the Caribbean imposes the use of active acaricide compounds, if possible with residual activity, easy to apply and requiring few or no accessible water supplies and expensive application equipment. Tests of in vitro susceptibility of tick strains from Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe as well as observations of the impact of the current tick control campaigns conducted in some Caribbean islands, seem to indicate that there is no problem of resistance to acaricides. Pyrethroid acaricides have an advantage since they are active at very low concentration levels and have a low toxicity for mammals and to the environment. Some of them are in a pour-on formulation which allows for rapid application and complete coverage of the whole body of the animal. A withdrawal period is not necessary. However, improvements must be found to facilitate the application onto the back of cattle that, for the majority in the Caribbean, are tethered and not perfectly restrained. A spot-on application method with a drench gun seems more adapted to tethered animals than the pour-on. For small ruminants and dogs but also for cattle, slow release devices impregnated with acaricides may be useful in reducing the frequency of animal treatments. However, experiments on goats with collars impregnated with flumethrin indicate an efficiency of less than 55 days, insufficient to justify their use on a large scale in an eradication program.
在加勒比地区开展的针对热带褐蜱的根除行动若要取得成功，就需要使用活性杀螨剂化合物，若可能的话，这种化合物要有残留活性，易于施用，且所需的可用水源很少或无需水源，也不需要昂贵的施用设备。对来自波多黎各和瓜德罗普岛的蜱虫菌株进行的体外敏感性测试，以及对一些加勒比岛屿目前开展的蜱虫控制行动的影响观察，似乎表明不存在对杀螨剂的抗性问题。拟除虫菊酯类杀螨剂具有优势，因为它们在极低浓度水平下就具有活性，对哺乳动物和环境的毒性较低。其中一些采用浇泼剂剂型，可快速施用并完全覆盖动物全身。无需休药期。然而，必须找到改进方法，以便更便于在牛背上施用，因为在加勒比地区大多数牛是拴系饲养的，无法完美固定。用喷淋枪进行点涂施用方法似乎比浇泼法更适合拴系饲养的动物。对于小反刍动物和狗，以及牛来说，浸渍有杀螨剂的缓释装置可能有助于减少动物治疗的频率。然而，对佩戴含氟氯氰菊酯项圈的山羊进行的实验表明，其有效期不到55天，不足以证明在根除计划中大规模使用是合理的。
