Launchbaugh K L, Provenza F D
Range Science Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5230.
J Anim Sci. 1994 Jan;72(1):10-3. doi: 10.2527/1994.72110x.
If an animal experiences gastrointestinal malaise after eating a novel feed, it develops a dislike for the feed called a conditioned flavor aversion (CFA). Understanding flavor aversions is important for diet-training procedures, understanding animal responses to poisonous plants, and preparing animals for new foraging environments. Our research objectives were to determine how variation in 1) flavor concentration (oregano) and 2) dose of gastrointestinal toxin (lithium chloride; LiCl) affected the establishment of CFA in lambs. In a series of experiments feeding lambs ground grains mixed with oregano, we examined how the formation of a CFA to one ground grain, with or without oregano, influenced the consumption of another oregano-flavored grain. We determined that 1) the higher the toxin dose, the stronger the CFA, the greater the generalization of the CFA to a similar feed, and the greater the avoidance of a novel feed; 2) lambs generalized aversions from familiar to novel feeds when both feeds had a flavor in common; and 3) the concentration or intensity of feed flavor apparently did not affect the acquisition or generalization of a CFA, but it did influence the acceptance of a novel feed. Our findings suggest that flavor aversions may be important in the acceptance of harvested or processed feeds.
如果动物在食用新饲料后出现胃肠不适，就会对这种饲料产生厌恶，即形成条件性味觉厌恶（CFA）。了解味觉厌恶对于饮食训练程序、理解动物对有毒植物的反应以及让动物适应新的觅食环境都很重要。我们的研究目标是确定：1）风味浓度（牛至）和2）胃肠毒素剂量（氯化锂；LiCl）的变化如何影响羔羊条件性味觉厌恶的形成。在一系列给羔羊喂食混合了牛至的磨碎谷物的实验中，我们研究了对一种含或不含牛至的磨碎谷物形成的条件性味觉厌恶如何影响对另一种牛至味谷物的采食。我们确定：1）毒素剂量越高，条件性味觉厌恶越强，对类似饲料的条件性味觉厌恶泛化程度越高，对新饲料的回避程度越高；2）当两种饲料有共同风味时，羔羊会将对熟悉饲料的厌恶泛化到新饲料上；3）饲料风味的浓度或强度显然不影响条件性味觉厌恶的形成或泛化，但会影响对新饲料的接受程度。我们的数据表明，味觉厌恶在收获或加工饲料的接受方面可能很重要。
