Axonal regeneration in an articular branch following rat sciatic nerve lesions.

This study examines the outcome of axonal regeneration in the posterior articular nerve of the adult rat knee joint (PAN), after sciatic nerve lesions. Some animals had previously been subjected to chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine. In crushed cases the number of myelinated PAN axons was 50% above control level. The occurrence of C-fibers was doubled, mainly due to an increased number of sympathetic efferents. In neurotomy/suture cases the number of myelinated fibers was clearly elevated, but the number of C-fibers was close to normal. Most C-fibers were sensory. Similar, but less marked, post-regeneration abnormalities were seen in the nerve to the lateral gastrocnemius muscle. The sural nerve exhibited moderately increased numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in crushed cases. In neurotomy cases, the myelinated axons had increased and the C-fibers had decreased in number. The size distribution of myelinated PAN axons was less abnormal in crushed cases than after neurotomy, like in the other nerves. These results show that the outcome of axon regeneration in an articular branch of the lesioned rat sciatic nerve differs from that in non-articular branches, and suggest that joints may become hyperinnervated by C-fibers after nerve crush lesions.