大鼠在游泳情境中的活动作为水温的函数。

The activity of rats in a swimming situation as a function of water temperature.

作者信息

Bruner C A, Vargas I

机构信息

Laboratory of Operant Conditioning, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico D.F.

出版信息

Physiol Behav. 1994 Jan;55(1):21-8. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90004-3.

DOI:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90004-3

PMID:8140169

Abstract

Previous research has shown that time before drowning in rats decreases gradually as stress is increased by varying water temperature in the swimming situation. In the present research, the activity of swimming rats appeared to be a U function of varying water temperature, lending support to the notion that activity is a behavioral measure that estimates the rats chances of survival in the water. This conclusion was further supported by the covariation of activity with a different behavioral measure of survival. In addition, activity during sessions decreased gradually, suggesting that a lowered activity is an adaptive response in the rat. Activity, thus, appears to be negatively correlated to the rat's survival chances under colder (14-23 degrees) and warmer (23-47 degrees) temperatures; i.e., in a more stressful situation, including extreme fear. It may be, therefore, that a decrease in activity obtained in present laboratory models (i.e., immobility) is more relevant to the extinction of fear than despair, as reported by other researchers.

摘要

先前的研究表明，在游泳情境中，通过改变水温增加压力时，大鼠溺水前的时间会逐渐减少。在本研究中，游泳大鼠的活动似乎是水温变化的U型函数，这支持了活动是一种行为指标的观点，该指标可估计大鼠在水中的生存几率。活动与另一种生存行为指标的协变进一步支持了这一结论。此外，实验期间的活动逐渐减少，这表明活动降低是大鼠的一种适应性反应。因此，在较冷（14 - 23摄氏度）和较暖（23 - 47摄氏度）的温度下，活动似乎与大鼠的生存几率呈负相关；也就是说，在压力更大的情况下，包括极度恐惧时。因此，正如其他研究人员所报道的，在当前实验室模型中观察到的活动减少（即不动）可能与恐惧的消除比绝望更相关。