Posner B M, Cupples L A, Franz M M, Gagnon D R
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118.
Int J Epidemiol. 1993 Dec;22(6):1014-25. doi: 10.1093/ije/22.6.1014.
The 1984-1988 dietary and cardiovascular disease risk factor profiles of the Framingham Offspring-Spouse population (n = 3787 Framingham males and females, 22-79 years) were compared to earlier estimates from the 1976-1980 NHANES II and 1977-1978 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption surveys. The goals were to assess whether differences exist among population estimates, to determine whether national population-based nutrition recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk reduction are appropriately targeted, and to identify focus areas for future preventive nutrition interventions. Overall, population mean levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors were high but mean total cholesterol and blood pressure levels and rates of dyslipidaemia were lower in Framingham men and women and hypertension appeared higher in Framingham compared with NHANES II. Severe overweight appeared more prevalent in Framingham men but similar in Framingham women in comparison with NHANES. Population estimates of total fat (36-41% of calories) and saturated fat (12.5-13.7% of calories) intakes were higher and carbohydrate intakes were lower (40-46% of calories) than current recommended levels. Dietary cholesterol and sodium intakes in Framingham women appeared to have reached recommended levels but were high in men. While the goals of current nutrition recommendations remain appropriate, future population-based preventive nutrition interventions to lower cardiovascular disease risk need to emphasize weight reduction, lowering intakes of foods rich in animal and plant fats, increases in dietary sources of complex carbohydrates, fibre and micronutrients, and lower sodium intakes, particularly in adult men.
将弗雷明汉后代-配偶人群（3787名年龄在22至79岁之间的弗雷明汉男性和女性）1984 - 1988年的饮食和心血管疾病风险因素状况，与1976 - 1980年第二次美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES II）以及1977 - 1978年美国农业部全国食物消费调查的早期估计值进行了比较。目的是评估人群估计值之间是否存在差异，确定基于全国人群的降低心血管疾病风险的营养建议是否目标恰当，并确定未来预防性营养干预的重点领域。总体而言，心血管疾病风险因素的人群平均水平较高，但与NHANES II相比，弗雷明汉男性和女性的平均总胆固醇和血压水平以及血脂异常率较低，而弗雷明汉的高血压患病率似乎更高。与NHANES相比，严重超重现象在弗雷明汉男性中更为普遍，而在弗雷明汉女性中则相似。总脂肪（占卡路里的36 - 41%）和饱和脂肪（占卡路里的12.5 - 13.7%）摄入量的人群估计值高于当前推荐水平，而碳水化合物摄入量（占卡路里的40 - 46%）低于推荐水平。弗雷明汉女性的膳食胆固醇和钠摄入量似乎已达到推荐水平，但男性的摄入量较高。虽然当前营养建议的目标仍然恰当，但未来基于人群的降低心血管疾病风险的预防性营养干预需要强调减轻体重，降低富含动植物脂肪食物的摄入量，增加复杂碳水化合物、纤维和微量营养素的膳食来源，并降低钠摄入量，尤其是成年男性。
