Padan E, Schuldiner S
Division of Microbial and Molecular Ecology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1993 Dec;25(6):647-69. doi: 10.1007/BF00770252.
Na+/H+ antiporters are universal devices involved in the Na+ and H+ circulation of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, thus playing an essential role in the pH and Na+ homeostasis of cells. This review focuses on the major impact of the application of molecular biology tools in the study of the antiporters. These tools permit the verification of the role of the antiporters and provide insights into their unique biology. A novel signal transduction to Na+ involving nhaR, a positive regulator, controls the expression of nhaA in E. coli. A "pH sensor" regulates the activity of Na+/H+ antiporters, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. A most intricate signal transduction to pH involving phosphorylation steps controls the activity of nhel in higher mammals. The identification of Histidine 226 in the "pH sensor" of NhaA is a step forward towards the understanding of the pH regulation of these proteins.
钠氢反向转运蛋白是参与真核生物和原核生物钠和氢循环的通用机制，因此在细胞的pH值和钠稳态中发挥着重要作用。本综述着重于分子生物学工具在反向转运蛋白研究中的主要影响。这些工具能够验证反向转运蛋白的作用，并深入了解其独特生物学特性。一种涉及正向调节因子nhaR的新型钠信号转导控制着大肠杆菌中nhaA的表达。一个“pH传感器”调节真核生物和原核生物中钠氢反向转运蛋白的活性。在高等哺乳动物中，一个涉及磷酸化步骤的极其复杂的pH信号转导控制着nhel的活性。鉴定NhaA“pH传感器”中的组氨酸226是在理解这些蛋白质的pH调节方面向前迈出的一步。
